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In response to some comments on my previous post, here's a four-page essay on the role Spike's soul plays in Buffy's story.
In the comments to my last post on multiple motivations, there was a lot of discussion about whether Spike’s soul matters, and if so how. The conversations are mostly about how Spike’s soul fits in with his own journey, but the dilemma comes with trying to figure out what the “soul” means in the ‘verse as a whole. I’ve tried for a long time to come up with one theory of the soul, but I can’t find one that does justice to both Angel’s story and to Spike’s. This is not to say that the individual stories aren’t compelling and insightful. But the “soul” seemed to shift around to fit the demands of the story at the moment. Sidebar: and let’s just get one thing off the table for good: whatever it is that “soul” means in the ‘verse, it has nothing to do with what a Christian would call a soul. But that’s a topic for another day.
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The Buffy of the Vampire with Souls: The Basic Theory
Buffy is a human being who has been endowed with special powers that are at least associated with the demonic. One of her central projects in BtVS is coming to terms with the two sides of herself, finding a way to reconcile them. One way to dramatize Buffy’s internal struggle to reconcile the demonic with the human is to involve her in romances with creatures that have similar struggles. And what could serve that purpose better than a vampire with a soul, a demon who struggles with his humanity the way Buffy struggles with her demonic power? Enter Angel.
In falling in love with Angel, Buffy is falling in love with the singular creature in her acquaintance who has both demonic and human forces within him. His soul tames the demon and allows her to enter into a relationship with the demonic, which is a vehicle for coming to terms with the demonic within her. The demonic here is often understood as purely evil, but it’s clear that a domesticated version of it is good: it’s a source of strength and power and sheer exuberance. Sidebar: Angel is the antithesis of exuberant, of course; but check out Angelus!. When Buffy attempts an actual union with Angel, however, things fall apart in a devastating way. It turns out that for Angel, the price of loving Buffy is losing his own soul. Buffy’s first experience with trying to be in relationship with the demonic is traumatic and deeply scarring. After a yearlong coda wherein Buffy and Angel try to pretend that they can be together without being together, they separate, and Buffy retreats from the demonic side of herself. (Bad experiences with Faith are a part of this movement).
Buffy’s next move is to ignore the demonic side of herself by entering into a romantic relationship with Riley. Riley’s synthetic superpower makes this possible, I think, but the relationship is never fully satisfying to Buffy who needs to make peace with the genuine demonic within her. Two things happen that spell an end to Buffy’s relationship with Riley. First, the big spell at the end of season 4 unleashes the primitive slayer basically forcing Buffy to reengage with the project of coming to terms with the demonic origins of her own power. Second, Riley loses the synthetic power-up and ceases to be able to engage that side of Buffy in any way. Buffy has to stop pretending that she’s just a human, and that means she has to risk going into the dark, a journey which begins not remotely coincidentally in an episode called Into the Woods. Her refusal to engage and reconcile herself with her demonic side, which is the source of her power, but also a potential source of exuberance, is a big part of her growing death wish, I think.
But Buffy is not yet out of options. Spike is there, waiting for her in the dark. Now, Spike does NOT have a soul and is therefore NOT a fit companion for Buffy. What he does have, though, is some impulse towards the human in his demon. The judge remarked on that back in Surprise; it has been given room to grow by virtue of the chip which hindered Spike’s unfettered expression of his demonic self; and it has now manifested itself in the form of Spike’s love for Buffy. But though the demon in Spike is inclining towards the human, the absence of the soul still means he can’t mirror Buffy properly. It’s not unlike the way that Riley’s synthetic demonic powers were insufficient to mirror Buffy’s genuinely demonic side. Buffy is nonetheless drawn to Spike, but the result is that she is drawn further towards the demonic in herself, and risks losing her human side altogether. But where Angel’s love for Buffy cost him his soul, it turns out that Spike’s love for Buffy ultimately drives him to seek a soul.
This is huge. Where Buffy’s first effort to enter into her necessary dance with the dark ended in disaster, her second (reluctantly entered into) dance with the dark ends up with her having inspired a vampire to the unprecedented act of seeking a soul. Painful and ugly as their relationship often was, Spike’s quest for the soul turns Buffy’s dangerous dance with the dark into something quite beautiful. As a result of it, she now has a partner who can be the perfect mirror for her. He’s a vampire with a soul, but unlike Angel he’s the vampire who wanted the soul. Buffy’s reconciliation with Spike over the course of season seven reflects her own internal reconciliation with her own power. By the end, she and Spike have become very close, and she has become very confident and sure of herself as a human who can exercise demonic powers without being overwhelmed by them. It is only at this stage in her journey that Buffy can think about sharing her powers with others, and it’s no coincidence that Buffy comes to possess the scythe which is the vehicle for spreading her powers with the aid of the strength Spike gave her (End of Days). Spike’s quest for the soul is an essential moment in Buffy’s story.
Some Further Thoughts
1. Notice that Angel, the vampire who was cursed with a soul that his demonic self utterly loathes, serves as Buffy’s mirror during a stage in her journey when she regards her own calling as a slayer as a curse. In addition to the fact that she literally cannot be united with Angel without unleashing evil upon the world, Buffy needs to transcend Angel if she is ever to get to a stage where she can regard her slayer calling as a gift and not a curse or a burden. Bangel just is not a possible long run outcome on this account. Not without something earth shattering that would induce Angelus to actually seek a soul himself. Angel’s true story, which is now (appropriately) distinct from Buffy’s is about how one comes to terms with being human when one’s deepest nature is in rebellion against that project. Whether this is even possible remains an open question.
2. Spike’s acquisition of the soul is in service to Buffy’s story. But in terms of his own story it is also a good thing. As I argued above, there was always an inclination to the human present in Spike, and with the soul he steps into the full realization of that yearning. At the end of season 5, we see that Spike has come to see, even without the soul, that he aspires to be at least treated like a man. The acquisition of a soul which allows him to enter into an even deeper relationship with the human side of himself is just a fulfillment of that aspiration.
3. Because Spike has been such an essential part of Buffy’s story, we need to know how this relationship resolved in order to understand where Buffy is at. Does she still think that she loves Angel more? If so, she hasn’t embraced her demonic side as well as she might have, because this would represent a yearning to be with someone who has a big rift between his demonic side and his human side. Or does the apparent lack of peace Buffy is currently suffering reflect the way things finally resolved between them when Spike returned from the dead? The Buffy we saw at the end of The Chosen could have been done with this part of her journey. The Buffy we see now is not nearly so obviously done with that part of her journey. So what happened? We need to know. This is the second biggest reason why I think it would be strange if Joss didn’t tell us more about Spike in season 8. Sidebar: the first biggest reason is that he’d have closed out the story in a few bubbles if it were really over in his mind.
4. As should be obvious, Spike’s acquisition of the soul is NOT a weak echo of Angel’s story, but rather is the story redone in the right key. Buffy doesn’t need a demon cursed with a soul; she needs a demon who fought for one.
5. A good deal of the angst of Spuffy in season five and especially season six is because in the context of this framework things couldn’t work between Buffy and Spike until Spike had a soul. But it’s also the case that there’s an extra helping of angst because Buffy is working out her trauma with Angel in the context of her relationship with Spike. It would take a lot of space to elaborate on this, but a lot of the abuse Buffy heaps upon Spike strikes me as a projection of her anger at Angel onto Spike. I think that’s part of why emotionally, Buffy’s reconciliation with Spike serves also to heal her long-standing wounds from the debacle with Angel. Spike has given Buffy a great deal, including absorbing a lot of the suffering that was really due to Angel and not him. I think that’s intentional. Spike has made a huge gift to Buffy, sacrificing his whole self. Joss’s choice to let him die apparently in the full belief that his love was not returned (despite the fact that he’s absorbed the anger and pain caused by Angel) just underscores the gratuitous nature of what Spike has done for Buffy. Spike is a big hero here. Indeed, instead of complaining that Spike has been given short shrift by Whedon, the more live concern strikes me as being whether or not Spike’s role ends up outshining Buffy’s to the detriment of whatever feminist message the show is supposed to be conveying.
6. The standard story that we get from interviews with Whedon, other writers, and Marsters is that Spike was supposed to be killed off in season 2; was brought back in season 4 to take up the snarky truth-telling position vacated by Cordelia; and then (presumably because of the character’s popularity) got sucked into the role of being Buffy’s major romantic partner. That might well be true. But if you take this story that I’ve just told and read through from the very beginning you’ll find a shocking amount of supporting detail. Angelus as having no humanity in contrast to Spike’s humanity is established early on. Buffy’s insight into this is established as early as Lie to Me. There’s a long-standing sexual tension between the two, both in how the actors respond to one another and in things like their mutual expression of preference when it comes to who they want to fight (What’s My Line). [I’ve read recently that for years Jane Espenson had a note taped to her wall that said that Buffy has sex dreams about Spike.] In season four, there is an awful lot of detail that could be marshaled in support of the argument that Riley was always going to be an inadequate solution to Buffy’s problem and that Spike was going to end up being the answer no matter how unlikely that seemed to be on the surface. One example of many is Something Blue when it is exactly Buffy’s fear of being attracted to the dark Spike that moves her from utterly indifferent to Riley to thinking that’s a direction she wants to go. I’m not going to say that this story was planned from the get go. But I am saying that you can read the whole show as if it was planned from the get go. However that came about, the results are pretty cool. And if this is how Joss treats a character he doesn’t like, then I’m really glad that he didn’t like Spike.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 03:15 am (UTC)I'm out on a limb in the prediction about season 8 and Spike. We'll see what happens! (If I'm wrong, I'll try to be gracious in defeat.)
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 03:37 am (UTC)With all the parallels to Spike, I thought they might be trying to make it a "do over" - where Buffy does the right thing instead of making the same mistakes over again. And I do think she did better this time around, but Satsu still seems to be hurt (though I think she shares the blame more than Spike did), so I don't know.
It could have been a symbol of total acceptance, had they gone the route where Buffy actually loved Satsu. Since they're both Slayers with the same demonic side, it would indicate that she is finally able to love herself. But the fact that it was just a "fling" or whatever - like you say, is that a statement about Buffy not being able to love that way, or just Buffy not being gay?
To be honest, I'm not totally sure if we should give Satsu any more consideration than you'd give, say, Scott Hope or Parker, but since it's her only relationship in season 8 so far, it seems like it ought to be significant. I guess we'll have to wait and see.
One other thought that occurred to me - how does Buffy's cookie dough speech play into this? The metaphor is pretty silly, but I do think Buffy has a good point about finding out who she is when she's not defined by who she's dating (or dated, since I think the shadow of Angel hung over her even when she was single). Spike getting his soul and sacrificing himself is what frees her from that shadow. So it's interesting that you still see Buffy's relationship with Spike as vital to understanding her character, even though she's supposed to be independent at this point. Does that independence factor in at all, or is it just the nature of the analysis that Buffy has to be partnered with someone?
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 04:33 am (UTC)Saying that Spike has helped her reconcile with her demon side doesn't mean she's all baked!! So she could totally sit there and say that she has to figure out who she is (maybe even more so now that she's just now getting past the Angel trauma and so on).
I don't write fanfiction, but if I were to write about Buffy going forward, it seems to me that I'd have to know what Buffy knew about Spike in order to be able to understand the character I was writing about. She spent virtually all of the series thinking Angel was The One. Is she over that? Does she now think Spike is The One? (There's room for her to have had an epiphany in the hellmouth). Or was she over Angel, happy to have loved Spike, but not in a long-haul kind of a way? Having answered those questions, we have the further question of whether she knows about Spike. If she doesn't know, there's a shoe to drop. Regardless of whether she was in love with him, he mattered -- it'd have to impact her to know he was back. If she does know, what does she know and how exactly did it come to be the case that she's sitting in Scotland feeling lonely? Is it because she feels rejected about Spike? Or because she realized that she did love him, but not that way and is carrying on. The answer to these questions changes the flavor to that scene of her missing home, for example; or how we understand her reaction to Ethan calling her pet; or the nature of her fear about knocking Xander's head off. You're the writer: wouldn't you have to know these things to know how to write a post-Chosen Buffy? And if you need to know them as a writer, don't we need to know them as readers?
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 04:56 am (UTC)I think I have... is that the one with Kennedy and Satsu?
Saying that Spike has helped her reconcile with her demon side doesn't mean she's all baked!!
No, that's not what I meant. I meant that the Angel/Spike inversion of losing/gaining a soul is what frees her from the burden of her relationship with Angel. That allows her to begin the baking process, finding out who she is as an independent woman, instead of defining herself by the men in her life. It's not the end of it where she's all baked. But it seemed like you felt the need to bring Spike back into the picture to resolve her outstanding issues, so the question is, does she really have independence yet, or are we still defining her by her relationship to Spike?
You're the writer: wouldn't you have to know these things to know how to write a post-Chosen Buffy?
Yes, definitely, but the thing about fanfic is that there's no one right answer. As the writer, you get to make up the answers yourself. :) Especially in a case like this, where we don't know the canon answer, but even if we did, there's no reason I can't write a post-Chosen fic that goes off in a different direction. How I would answer those questions would depend on what kind of story I wanted to tell.
As a reader of the comics, however, you want to know the one right answer (meaning the canon answer), so you know how to interpret what you're reading. But, as we've seen, Joss doesn't always give that to us.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 05:43 am (UTC)Buffy might be.
We don't know what she knows about Spike and Angel's team (I assume she does know because one, I don't think Andrew could really keep that secret, and two, the threesome fantasy she had of herself and Spike at the beginning of the comics...I don't know, I guess I just don't see someone imagining a threesome of one guy who's allegedly dead, even if he is your ex. It's kind of ooky IMHO). Even if she doesn't know, the fact that Spike essentially chose to die instead of leave with her, and not believe her "I love you," can't really be so great to someone who has abandonment issues. And if she does know that Spike was alive, and decided to not come find her, and more importantly, decided to stay with Angel no less, who Spike "hates" (I put that in quotes cause I'm sure Buffy would see it that way, though that isn't the case), that doesn't say very good things about her. And though this is all from a potentially selfish point of view, it's one that makes sense (to me).
That would explain the experimentation, because human or vampire--soulless or souled, she can't seem to keep a man. Or maybe Joss just thought it would heighten his whole "girl power" thing by having her sleep with one. At any rate, if there were to be a slayer equal for Buffy, it'd have been Faith and not Satsu, who hasn't been in the game a fraction as long as they have. I just don't see "slayer status" meaning equal. If that's the case, if it weren't for the spell in "Chosen," she never would have found an equal in her life (cept for Faith).
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 02:18 pm (UTC)I don't think that's her reason for experimentation. It may certainly feel like she can't keep a man, but I don't think she thought, "Well, gosh, I've had such a terrible time with men, let's try women for a while." I think she experiments because she's isolated herself to the point that she's surrounded by only women. The only men available are Xander and Andrew, and I can't see anything happening with them. She is looking to make a connection with someone, because - as she told us in the first issue - she's lonely and she misses sex. And the only person to make a connection with is a woman, so she takes it. But ultimately, it's not going to go anywhere because Buffy isn't a lesbian.
Now, you could say that Buffy is consciously or unconsciously sabotaging herself by seeking out a relationship with someone she knows will never work, because that's what always happens to her. But I don't think she specifically turns to a woman out of frustration or disappointment with men.
I just don't see "slayer status" meaning equal.
They're equal in the sense that they're both Slayers, therefore they both have the same human/demon make-up. This whole essay is about Buffy coming to terms with her demonic side, so that's the only factor that really matters when we compare Buffy's lovers. Angel and Spike were mirrors - they were demons struggling with humanity, while Buffy is a human struggling with her demonic side. Satsu, being a Slayer, is also a human with a demonic side, so she's less a mirror (where the reflection is reversed) and more a representation of Buffy as she is.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 04:18 pm (UTC)I am convinced that she turns to a woman because Joss thinks it will sell more comics and for no other reason.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 05:46 am (UTC)Yeah, #22 is the one of Kennedy and Satsu. Satsu seems to have a bit of an axe to grind on where she is with Buffy.
To get to the other two points, it helps to take the second first:
My point about whether you need to answer these questions as an author of fanfic wasn't that Joss should supply them so you'll know where she is so you can write about her in fanfic; it's that Joss is also a writer continuing her story -- so if you need to answer those questions (however you choose to), surely Joss also has to answer them. For the reason you say: you need to know the answers because it has an impact on the kind of story you are going to tell. Well, Joss has decided what story to tell. Presumably that means he's answered these questions for himself. And since you agree that the kind of story you tell depends on the answers, then Joss knows that for us to understand the story he's telling we need to know how he answers the questions. Which is why I think he's going to tell us.
We can do a compare and contrast. We know exactly where Spike is on all of this stuff. He delayed going back to see Buffy, because it would have seemed anti-climactic to her. I think this loads the dice in favor of the claim that he didn't believe Buffy, or that if he did he doesn't think it's the big kind of love. However, he did go and try to see her in TGIQ, with the self-protective excuse of being in town on business anyway. There, Andrew sure as heck implied that Buffy knew he was back, "loves" him, but is off with the Immortal and might catch up with him (or Angel) somewhere down the road. From Spike's reaction it's a pretty safe bet that he thinks that Buffy knows he's back and is acting exactly how he'd expect her to act given that he doesn't think she loves him. Be that as it may, from Spike's POV the ball is in her court. He thinsk she knows he's back. He thinks she's told him to move on. It's up to her to decide if she's going to try to catch him down the road. So we see him trying to move on. He has started the project of fighting the good fight because he wants to. He's involved in a fabric of friendships (or at least quasi-friendships) at W&H. He's fooled around with Spider, but isn't in love with her. (But is treating her better than he treated Harmony). And he has apparently (and highly inexplicably) zoomed from thinking of Fred as a dear friend who one should NOT sacrifice thousands of others to save, to thinking she's his #1 priority in hell. All of that is important as we try to understand who Spike is.
Buffy is the center of Joss's story and he can't be arsed to tell us even a small fraction of that sort of information? Nope. He's holding it back because we're still supposed to be in a mystery about exactly who this Buffy is and what's motivating her. If not, you are right about season 8 being so awful and Joss has obviously had a lobotomy because he hasn't got the first clue about how to write a good story, let alone one that has the trademark Whedon stamp wherein characters are marked by their histories and can't be understood apart from their histories.
Back to cookie dough: Part of why I want to know the resolution of Spike/Buffy is exactly because I want a sense of how free she is of the past. And if it turns out that the answer is yes, she is indeed past all these issues, she's still a human being which means that it helps to understand her past in order to understand her present. Being independent doesn't mean that we get to be so entirely unaffected by others that we can be fully understood by people who have no idea about the status of our relationships with people who have been pretty darned significant to us.
BTW, I attach an extremely small probability to the possibility that Spike will be part of an on-going romantic story with Buffy. For what it's worth. I do think Spuffy is over, except for the part where we're told how it ended.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 03:10 pm (UTC)Yeah... I have to admit, I didn't feel much sympathy for Satsu in that preview. Doesn't Kennedy point out that this is what happens when you seduce a straight girl? She knew what she was getting into, and she did it anyway. That's the big difference I see between her and Spike - Spike honestly believed Buffy loved him, and Buffy used that to get what she wanted, so he's got a legitimate beef there. Satsu knew this wasn't going anywhere, she knew Buffy wasn't a lesbian, but she made the choice to take what she could get. Now it's like she's cranky that Buffy didn't suddenly turn gay and return her love. I can understand her feeling hurt (unrequited love always sucks), but she did bring it on herself in a way.
if you need to answer those questions (however you choose to), surely Joss also has to answer them.
Yeah, that's true, and I think a big part of my frustration with the comics is that he hasn't answered those questions, so I'm completely lost as to how to interpret what we've already read.
I totally agree with your analysis of Spike. Even though it took all of season 5 and After the Fall to get all that development out, we didn't really spend a lot of time confused about Spike the way we are about Buffy. We knew right off the bat why he wasn't going to see Buffy - he couldn't because he was a ghost. And once it was possible for him to leave, we got a big answer right away, when we find out that he's not going to find Buffy and why. But we're on issue #22 of season 8, and still not even a hint of how she feels about the whole Spike/Angel thing, or if she even knows what's going on. IMO, that's too long to leave readers confused. Joss is probably lucky in that he has so many devoted fans who will stick it out to the end no matter what, but if this were a fanfic written by someone else, I think very few would keep reading. Maybe he has a master plan here, but I think he's dropping the ball on the execution.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 06:28 pm (UTC)I think it's interesting story telling. It's very much like what they did in BSG, which I understand Joss likes a lot. But you are right that the big downside to it (assuming that's what's going on) is that he's made his audience a very long time to figure out what's up.
We'll see. I remain hopeful. But that could just be naivete on my part.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 07:09 pm (UTC)First, the sheer awesomeness of the individual stories we get each episode is more than enough to distract me from the things that don't make sense. The same was often true with Buffy the TV show, but I've been vastly underwhelmed by the comics, so I'm focusing a lot more on the problems.
Second, I think BSG has a good way of doling out answers. We didn't start out the series with the big mysteries we have now - there was no big "who are the final five?" question, because we didn't know the final five would be important. There was no "who is behind all of this?" question because we didn't know there was anything to be behind. There was no question about the evolution of the Cylons, because we thought we knew that already. BSG is continually giving us answers - it's just that the answers always lead to more (and bigger) questions. BSG builds on its reveals; I don't get that with Buffy. I think the puzzle analogy is pretty apt in that sense - we're getting random pieces, but until we fit more of them together, they're not going to make any sense, and that's frustrating when the pieces are doled out so slowly.
The other thing that I think makes a big difference is that the big mysteries of BSG affect the way we view the universe and the story, but they don't affect the way we view the characters (except for Starbuck, I suppose, but she's always been special). It's not like we couldn't understand Tigh's actions until he was revealed as a Cylon; it's just that we understand him differently now. We thought we knew the context, and now the context has changed. But with Buffy, we don't even have a context to understand her actions, leaving us floundering. And that's particularly detrimental because she's the main character. Imagine if we'd gone through all of BSG not knowing what Adama's motivation was. We'd be completely lost.
Also, what makes BSG so awesome is that you can identify with the characters, because they don't know what the frak is going on, either. We're unraveling the mystery right along with them. But it seems like with Buffy, she ought to know what's going on - it's just the audience that's in the dark, and that creates distance between us and her.
(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 07:30 pm (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2009-01-30 07:48 pm (UTC)